what are the three types of loads carried by streams

Streams are one of the most important natural resources on Earth. They play an essential role in linking the water cycle and providing opportunities for humans and wildlife. However, streams not only carry water, but they also transport various types of loads. In this article, we will explore the three types of loads carried by streams and their importance.

Bedload

Bedload refers to the sediments that move along the bottom of a stream channel. These sediments include rocks, pebbles, and sand. Bedload sediments are mostly transported during high flow events such as floods or heavy rainfall. The movement of bedload contributes to the continuous shaping of the stream channel and its surroundings. Streambeds can become wider and deeper over time as bedload sediments are carried downstream. Bedload removal can also cause erosion in the surrounding areas, leading to changes in landscapes and habitats.

Suspended Load

Suspended load refers to the sediments that are carried in the water column and are not in contact with the streambed. These sediments include silt and clay particles. Suspended load sediments are mostly transported during moderate to high flow events such as heavy rainfall or snowmelt. The movement of suspended load sediments contributes to the turbidity of the water, reducing light penetration and affecting the ecology of the stream. Suspended load sediments can also settle out of the water column and deposit on the streambed, clogging interstitial spaces in the gravels. The deposition of suspended load can alter the substrate composition and affect the survival of benthic organisms.

Dissolved Load

Dissolved load refers to the dissolved mineral ions that are carried in the water. These minerals include calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. Dissolved load sediments are transported all the time, regardless of flow magnitude. The movement of dissolved load sediments significantly affects the chemical properties of the water. The chemical composition of the minerals in the water can change due to weathering and human activities. Changes in the chemical composition of water can have adverse effects on the ecology of the stream. For example, acid rain can lead to a decrease in the pH of the stream, which can affect the survival of aquatic organisms.

Conclusion

Streams are essential in linking the water cycle and providing opportunities for humans and wildlife. Understanding the different types of loads carried by streams is crucial in assessing the ecological health of streams. The three types of loads discussed in this article, bedload, suspended load, and dissolved load, play significant roles in shaping the physical and chemical properties of streams. The movement of these loads affects the ecology of streams, and changes to their movement can have unforeseen consequences. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor and assess the types and quantities of loads carried by streams to manage the water resources effectively and protect the ecological health of streams.