what is cognitive load theory

The basics of cognitive load theory

Cognitive load theory is a well-established psychological framework that attempts to understand how the brain processes and retains information. In essence, it is a theory that seeks to explain how people learn, process, and retain information effectively. The concept of cognitive load is simple: it refers to the amount of mental effort required to complete a task or solve a problem.

Types of cognitive load

Cognitive load can be divided into three categories: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic cognitive load refers to the inherent complexity of a task or problem. This type of cognitive load cannot be reduced and, in some cases, may need to be increased. Extraneous cognitive load, on the other hand, refers to the amount of mental effort required to process irrelevant or unnecessary information during a learning task. This type of cognitive load can be reduced by streamlining the learning process. Finally, germane cognitive load is the type of cognitive load that facilitates learning and retention of information. This type of cognitive load should be maximized to enhance learning and retention.

Implications of cognitive load theory

Cognitive load theory has several important implications for educators, instructional designers, and trainers. One of the most significant is that instructors need to be aware of the intrinsic cognitive load that accompanies any learning task. While it is often difficult to reduce intrinsic cognitive load, instructors can help mitigate this effect by breaking complex tasks down into smaller, more manageable parts. They can also support students by providing feedback and guidance during the learning process.

The importance of minimizing extraneous cognitive load

Another key implication of cognitive load theory is the importance of minimizing extraneous cognitive load. As mentioned earlier, extraneous cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort required to process irrelevant or unnecessary information during a learning task. This can be reduced by streamlining the learning process, eliminating distractions, and providing clear, concise instructions. By reducing extraneous cognitive load, learners can focus their mental resources on the task at hand, which ultimately leads to better learning outcomes.

Maximizing germane cognitive load

Finally, cognitive load theory emphasizes the importance of maximizing germane cognitive load. Germane cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort required to process and retain relevant information during a learning task. This type of cognitive load should be maximized to enhance learning and retention. One way to do this is by providing learners with opportunities for practice and feedback. Additionally, instructors can use instructional design strategies that promote active learning and engagement, such as problem-based learning and case-based learning.In conclusion, cognitive load theory is an essential framework for understanding how people learn, process, and retain information effectively. By understanding the different types of cognitive load and their impacts on learning, educators, instructional designers, and trainers can create more effective learning experiences. Whether you are a student, educator, or trainer, taking a cognitive load theory approach to learning can help you optimize your efforts and improve your outcomes.